A Novel Multimodal Approach for Hybrid Brain&x2013;Computer Interface

Brain-computer interface (BCI) technologies have been widely used in many areas. In particular, non-invasive technologies such as electroencephalography (EEG) or near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) have been used to detect motor imagery, disease, or mental state. It has been already shown in literature that the hybrid of EEG and NIRS has better results than their respective individual signals. The fusion algorithm for EEG and NIRS sources is the key to implement them in real-life applications. In this research, we propose three fusion methods for the hybrid of the EEG and NIRS-based brain-computer interface system: linear fusion, tensor fusion, and $p$ th-order polynomial fusion. Firstly, our results prove that the hybrid BCI system is more accurate, as expected. Secondly, the $p$ th-order polynomial fusion has the best classification results out of the three methods, and also shows improvements compared with previous studies. For a motion imagery task and a mental arithmetic task, the best detection accuracy in previous papers were 74.20 & x0025; and 88.1 & x0025;, whereas our accuracy achieved was 77.53 & x0025; and 90.19 & x0025;. Furthermore, unlike complex artificial neural network methods, our proposed methods are not as computationally demanding.