THE MORAL STANDING OF ANIMALS AND PLANTS IN THE MANUSMRTI

Here it is argued that the Manusmṙti attributes direct moral standing to animals and plants at least in part because they are sentient (i.e., capable of pleasure and pain). The argument for this goes as follows. The Manusmṙti claims that certain actions produce merit and demerit, which often cause pleasure and pain. Pleasure and pain are suitable consequences of merit and demerit only if they have value and disvalue. The value and disvalue of pleasure and pain are not derived entirely from the value of the further ends to which they are a means. Hence, the value and disvalue of pleasure and pain are at least partly intrinsic. Hence, any entity capable of pleasure and pain has direct moral standing. The Manusmṙti claims that animals and plants are sentient. So the Manusmṙti attributes direct moral standing to animals and plants, at least in part because they are sentient. © 2014 by University of Hawai'i Press.