Food consumption and cardiovascular risk factors in European children: the IDEFICS study

Objective To investigate food consumption in relation to clustered cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Methods Children (n=5548, 51.6% boys) from eight European countries participated in the IDEFICS study baseline survey (20072008). Z-scores of individual CVD risk factors were summed to compute sex- and age-specific (2<6years/69years) clustered CVD risk scores A (all components, except cardiorespiratory fitness) and B (all components). The association of clustered CVD risk and tertiles of food group consumption was examined. Results Odds ratio (OR) of having clustered CVD risk A increased in older children with higher consumption of chocolate and nut-based spreads (boys: OR=0.46; 95% CI=0.320.69; girls: OR=0.60; 95% CI=0.420.86), jam and honey (girls: OR=0.45; 95% CI=0.260.78) and sweets (boys: OR=0.69; 95% CI=0.480.98). OR of being at risk significantly increased with the highest consumption of soft drinks (younger boys) and manufactured juices (older girls). Concerning CVD risk score B, older boys and girls in the highest tertile of consumption of breakfast cereals were 0.41 (95% CI=0.210.79) and 0.45 (95% CI=0.220.93) times, respectively, less likely to be at risk than those in tertile 1. Conclusions High consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and low intake of breakfast cereals, jam and honey, sweets and chocolate and nut-based spreads seem to adversely affect clustered CVD risk.