A facile hydrothermal synthesis of graphene porous NiO nanocomposite and its application in electrochemical capacitors

A new porous graphene/NiO has been prepared successfully by hydrothermal method with graphene oxide solution, Ni(NO3)(2)center dot 6H(2)O and urea as raw materials. The as-prepared composite is characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman, FT-IR, SEM, TEM and nitrogen adsorption/desorption. It is shown that graphene sheets are well decorated by the NiO nanoparticles to form a hierarchical nanostructures with rich porosity (ca. 2-5 nm) and large specific surface area (174.1 m(2) g(-1)). Electrochemical characterization demonstrates that the mesoporous graphene/NiO are capable of delivering a specific capacitance of 429.7 F g(-1) at the current density of 200 mAg(-1) and offer good capacitance retention of 86.1% at 1 A g(-1) after 2000 continuous charge-discharge cycles. These rich and evenly distributed porosity could reduce the transportation distance and offer a robust sustentation of OH- ions due to its "ion-buffering reservoirs", ensuring that sufficient Faradaic reactions can take place at the surfaces of electroactive NiO nanoparticles. It suggests that the hierarchical nanostructure is helpful in improving the electrochemical performance of the oxide. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.