Shape optimization of chipless RFID tags comprising fractal structures

This paper discusses the shape optimization of chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) tags comprising fractal structures. In the proposed optimization process, scattering electromagnetic waves from a chipless RFID tag are analyzed using a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The shapes of the chipless RFID tags are optimized by a micro-genetic algorithm (m-GA) to determine the frequencies of the subject scattering waves, as well as to maximize their associated amplitudes and quality factors. As such, a self-similar metal line and metal patch comprising fractal structures are assumed to be a chipless RFID tag. The optimized tags obtained using the FDTD method and m-GA ultimately maintain the selective frequencies, high amplitudes, and quality factors of the scattering electromagnetic waves.