Extent, impacts and remedies of global gas flaring and venting

Associated natural gas is a byproduct of oil extraction and a significant economic resource. It is often discarded by being burned on reaching the surface with a process called flaring or by being released into the atmosphere without burning through venting. Other than the economic loss of an energy source, flaring and venting of associated gas creates local, environmental and public health impacts, as well as contributing to the potential for climate change. This study reviews the literature and internet materials on flaring and venting of associated natural gas in producing oil fields to examine the extent and the current state of the problem, the impacts on the environment, communities and public health, with an emphasis on solutions and remedies to mitigate the problem. Our review confirms the need to recommit to an aggressive global mitigation program and makes a case for accelerated programs, especially in countries with the technical capacity to effectively participate jointly with industry, government and relevant sponsoring organizations.