Comparison of cognitive flexibility in ADHD and dyslexia

The aim of this study was to compare the cognitive flexibility of patients diagnosed with dyslexia with subjects diagnosed with ADHD, thus trying to identify the possible existence of differential profiles. Participants were 156 children between 7 and 11 years old, divided into three groups: ADHD Group (n = 52), Dyslexia Group (n = 52) and Control Group (n = 52). The instrument used for assessing was the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). The results reveal the existence of significant differences in 9 of the 13 indicators analyzed. In some cases these differences were between the two clinical samples compared to the control group, although in others also between the clinical samples, especially in the trend towards perseveration. This new data contribute to a better characterization and understanding of these disorders, and facilitate a differential diagnosis of them.