Human Governance and Level of Corruption Risk

Corruption is one of the critical problem in the development of a proficient government in light of the fact that it is an indication that "something has happened in the management of the organization." The best approach to address this issue is through coupling up the effort on controlling corruption with the consideration from great governance viewpoints. This paper proposed to explore the relationship between human governance and level of corruption risk. This research framework is based on the theoretical framework that includes two main elements consisting of human governance (leadership, integrity, religiosity, spirituality, and culture) and the level of corruption risk. The study is expected to contribute to the government to improve the initiatives in battling corruption. Apart from that, this study is also expected to contribute to the reconstruction of the existing guidelines and regulations to govern the individual in achieving the objective to reduce the level of corruption risk in Malaysia. The level of corruption risk is able to indicate red flags of corruption in the organizations. The human governance elements are used as determinants that may contribute to the controlling corruption initiatives. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.