Left-sided acute appendicitis in a patient with situs viscerum inversus totalis: A case report

Introduction and importance: Left-sided acute appendicitis (LSAA) is a very rare cause of acute abdomen, developing in association with two types of congenital anomalies like as situs viscerum inversus (SVI) and midgut malrotation (MM). Preoperative diagnosis of LSAA is a challenge because of its rarity and atypical presentation. Imaging may be helpful for determining the correct diagnosis. Surgery represents the standard treatment of LSAA. Case presentation: A 67-year-old Caucasian male with presented to the Emergency Department with a two-day history of left lower quadrant (LLQ) abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and fever. Physical examination revealed LLQ abdominal rebound tenderness with guarding. Laboratory tests reported high levels of C-reactive protein and neutrophilic leukocytosis. Abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed a LSAA with intraluminal appendicoliths, fat infiltration and pericecal fluid collection in a patient with SVI. The patient underwent laparoscopic appendectomy: a gangrenous and perforated appendicitis was sectioned and removed with drainage of pericecal abscess. The postoperative course of the patient was uneventful. Clinical discussion: LSAA is characterized by anatomical variation of appendix and atypical presentation. Preoperative clinical diagnosis of LSAA is very difficult and imaging may be helpful for determining the correct diagnosis, as well as confirming SVIT or MM. Laparoscopic appendectomy represents the correct treatment of LSAA. Conclusion: LSAA is a rare surgical emergency that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with LLQ abdominal pain. Preoperative diagnosis of LSAA needs a high index of suspicion and is facilitated by imaging. Surgery represents the appropriate treatment of LSAA.