Prevalence and clinical characteristics of headache among medical students, Isfahan, Iran

Background: Headache is one of the most common complaints during medical curriculum and it occurs due to numerous psychological and physical stressors, which are more common in medical students than general population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency of different types of headache and associated factors. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, from September 2011 to January 2012. First-to seven-year medical students who have experienced some forms of headache in their life and had headache attacks during the past 6 months were included in this study. All medical students completed a structured check list, which consisted of demographics data, associated factors, and headache characteristics. Results: A total of 480 (258 [53.8%] males and 222 [46.2%] females) students (93.7%) were evaluated. The prevalence of headache was 58.7%, the prevalence of migraine, and tension-type headache was 14.2% (10.5% in male vs. 18.5% in female, P = 0.08) and 44.2% (49.2% in male vs. 39.2% in female, P = 0.006), respectively. A family positive history was found in 9.5% of students with headache. The lower socio-economic status, year of study (3rd and 5th year students), was seemed to had higher prevalence in students with headache. There was no significant difference between headache and concomitant disease. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that prevalence of headache is high among medical student. Socio-economic and the year of study might be significant factors in the prevalence of headache. Further multicenter studies would be necessary to evaluate headache epidemiology among medical students in the whole country.