Increased risk markers in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and gestational diabetes mellitus during mid-pregnancy

Objective This study aimed to investigate application of the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), serum beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-MG), and cystatin C as risk markers in a cohort of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) for the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed 312 pregnant women with PCOS and classified them as those with and without GDM. For all participants, elbow venous blood and clean middle urine were collected in the morning after 8 hours of an empty stomach. Results Logistic regression analysis showed that the ACR, urine beta 2-MG levels, and serum cystatin C levels were important markers for women with PCOS concomitant with GDM. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of CysC was 0.81 with the threshold based on >0.93 and that of beta 2-MG was 0.72 with the threshold based on >1.25. Conclusions Increased levels of beta 2-MG and cystatin C and a high ACR might be risk factors for Chinese women with PCOS and GDM during mid-pregnancy.