Effects of scaphoid fractures on the biomechanics of the wrist

Scaphoid fractures are the most commonly fractured carpal bone. They most often occur from a fall on dorsiflexed, radially deviated wrist. The severity of the fall and position of the wrist influence the fracture pattern and the extent of ligamentous damage. Recent studies have correlated fracture pattern stability and any associated ligamentous disruption with the degree of alternation of wrist biomechanics. It is well documented that instability and altered kinematics can lead to nonunion and abnormal joint loads, which then can accelerate the onset of arthritis. Understanding these biomechanical consequences is critical when managing scaphoid fractures.