Impacts of Implementing Zero Emission Container Handling Equipment on a Container Terminal

The status of zero emission and near-zero emission (ZE/NZE) container handling equipment is presented in this paper, along with the anticipated future development of ZE/NZE technology. Current available technology is introduced based on its potential implementation at the different terminal operational areas. Options to utilize ZE/NZE for each operational area is discussed with respect to challenges and restrictions of ZE/NZE technologies. Identified limitations and their implications to operations, cost of implementation, and impacts to terminal operations are highlighted followed by a case study that compares the equipment cost and energy cost for two types of equipment, respectively. Conclusions summarize available ZE/NZE equipment status, operational concerns and restrictions, and the economic feasibility of today's ZE/NZE equipment.