Now you see it, now you don't: A comparison of traditional versus random-effects regression models in the analysis of longitudinal follow-up data from a clinical trial

To illustrate the limitations of commonly used methods of handling missing data when using traditional analysis of variance (ANOVA) models and highlight the relative advantages of random-effects regression models, multiple analytic strategies were applied to follow-up data from a clinical trial. Traditional ANOVA and random-effects models produced similar results when underlying assumptions were met and data were complete. However, analyses based on subsamples, to which investigators would have been limited with traditional models, would have led to different:conclusions about treatment effects over time than analyses based on intention-to-treat samples using tandem-effects regression models. These findings underscore the advantages of models that use all data collected and the importance of complete data collection to minimize sample bias.