Cellular Network Coverage Analysis and Optimization in Challenging Smart Grid Environments

Smart grid services require reliable and efficient communication, which can be provided by modern cellular networks. However, smart grid components are often installed in environments that are challenging for radio networks, like energy meters in basements. While grid operators need to know the availability of cellular networks before installing components, current methods for evaluating mobile network coverage in such environment usually require lengthy tests or expensive and complicated measurement equipment. In this paper, we introduce the Mobile Network Analyzer (NINA), which is an easy to use device for fast coverage analyses and network quality assessment. It can he used by grid operators to check the network coverage before deploying smart grid components. We show the applicability of the MNA in an exemplary case study on the cellular network coverage at electricity meter cabinets at 168 locations and in a six month long-term field campaign in a wind farm. We determined that the communication availability can he improved by up to 29 % by leveraging the networks of multiple cellular network operators with the help of global SIM cards or national roaming. Additionally, we examined specific smart meter gateway installations, focusing on deep indoor coverage.