The latent structure of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a taxometric analysis

Objective: To test whether the latent structure of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is best understood as categorical or dimensional in samples of 1774 children (aged 6 - 12 years) and 1222 adolescents (aged 13 - 17 years) drawn from an Australian epidemiological study. Method: Two taxometric procedures (MAXEIG and MAMBAC) examined ADHD symptom measures assessed by diagnostic interview and parental ratings. Results: Consistent with behavioural genetic research, findings fail to support the view that a latent category underpins ADHD. Conclusions: ADHD is best modelled as a continuum among both children and adolescents, and no discrete dysfunction can therefore be assumed to cause it. The placement of the diagnostic threshold should therefore be decided on pragmatic grounds ( e. g. impairment or need for treatment).