Green environmental sustainability development in construction industry using response surface methodology

The purpose of this study was to investigate an effective method for the partial replacement of cement using waste materials to create green environmental sustainability in the construction industry. The tests were performed to predict the strengths of concrete by replacing the cement with waste materials, such as GSA (X1: 6%-10%), GGBS (X2: 20%-50%) and PPF (X3: 0.1%-0.5%) using RSM. The experimental variables were optimised using Design-Expert 8.0.7.1 software package. The optimum replacement of cement was observed at 7.5%-8% (GSA), 35% (GGBS) and 0.3% (PPF). Under this situation, the optimum cube compressive strengths at 7 and 28 days were 18.76-18.83 N/mm(2) and 30.91-31.06 N/mm(2); the cylinder splitting tensile strengths at 7 and 28 days were 2.32-2.39 N/mm(2) and 4.32-4.41 N/mm(2) respectively and the prism flexural strengths at 7 and 28 days were 3.37-3.49 N/mm(2) and 5.24-5.32 N/mm(2) respectively.