Communication Without Emergence?

> Upshot . Our criticism aims at the premises of Fullsack's simulation model, i.e., we claim that his interpretation of the Luhmannian concept of double contingency contradicts the systems theoretical approach in fundamental ways. Neither the view of communication as an emergent system, nor the theory of double contingency is addressed in an adequate manner. Thus Fullsack in fact does not simulate a systems theoretical approach to double contingency but simulates a mere reduction of the social to the individual psyches.