SORA: A Stochastic Optimal Routing Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks

Nowadays, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been widely deployed and applied. Due to energy consumption is one of the critical problems existing in WSNs, many energy-optimization related routing mechanisms are proposed. However, most of existing routing mechanisms rarely focus on both energy consumption and data transmission delay in high-loss WSN environments. Therefore, in this paper, we formulate the routing problem in high-loss WSNs with the considerations of energy efficiency improvement and data transmission delay reduction. Through exploiting the stochastic Lyapunov optimization approaches, the formulated problem is converted to a queue stability problem with virtual queues and is further decomposed into three subproblems, including transmission control, admission control and utility maximization. By solving the three decomposed problems, Stochastic Optimal Routing Algorithm (SORA) is established and proposed. Finally, the performance of SORA is evaluated by comprehensive simulations.