Gender dynamics in the primary sexual relationships of young rural South African women and men

A substantial body of South African research describes the importance of gender dynamics within sexual relationships as factors underlying HIV risk, yet we know little about these factors among young adults-a group at exceptionally high risk of infection. Our primary objective was to explore the ways that young adult men and women interpret and enact gender roles within their established primary partnerships, and how these dynamics influence sexual behaviour in relation to HIV risk. We employed script theory to frame our analysis of the dynamics of gender. Fifty students (25 women, 25 men) at secondary schools in a rural district of KwaZulu/Natal, South Africa completed in-depth interviews about sexual interactions with their primary partner. While many participants indicated that the standards of sexual conduct within relationships reflect dominant gender role norms, our findings indicate that there are important variations in these roles with some male and female respondents accepting and reinforcing the rights of women to determine the nature of sexual interactions. Efforts aimed at improving acceptance and adoption of alternative scripts for women and men may help to broaden young people's repertoire of HIV prevention options.