Mapping snowpack depth beneath forest canopies using airborne lidar

An evaluation of airborne lidar (Light Detection And Ranging) technology for snow depth mapping beneath different forest canopy covers (deciduous, coniferous, and mixed) is presented. Airborne lidar data were collected for a forested study site both prior to and during peak snowpack accumulation. Manual field measurements of snow depth were collected coincident with the peak snowpack lidar survey, and a comparison between field and lidar depth estimates was made. It was found that (1) snow depth distribution patterns can be mapped by subtracting a "bare-earth" DEM from a "peak snowpack" DEM, (2) snow depth estimates derived from lidar data are strongly related to manual field measures of snow depth, and (3) snow depth estimates are most accurate in areas of minimal understory. It has been demonstrated that airborne lidar data provide accurate snow depth data for the purpose of mopping spatial snowpack distribution for Volume estimations, even under forest canopy conditions.