Conflict Asymmetry and Alternative Mechanisms of Dialogue and Negotiation in Venezuela (2002-2019)

Over the past twenty years, political conflict in Venezuela has led to the implementation of at least five alternative mechanisms for dialogue and negotiation with international participation. Their results have been limited and none have achieved any positive, sustainable transformation of the conflict. This article argues that the asymmetry between the opposing coalitions has been a determining, and generally underestimated, factor in the implementation of such mechanisms.