Minimally invasive retroperitoneal necrosectomy in management of acute necrotizing pancreatitis

Introduction: One of the most important requirements in treatment of acute necrotizing pancreatitis is minimized invasion. Aim: We are presenting experience in treatment of acute necrotizing pancreatitis by an original minimally invasive retroperitoneal necrosectomy technique, comparing our results to other studies, evaluating feasibility and safety, discussing advantages and disadvantages of this method. Material and methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 13 patients who had acute necrotizing pancreatitis with large fluid collections in retroperitoneal space and underwent retroperitoneal necrosectomy. Results: There were eight males and three females aged between 24 and 60 years, average age was 42.8 +/- 9.2 years. The most common cause of pancreatitis was alcohol, 10 patients (76.9%). Average time between diagnosis and performance of operation was 25.7 +/- 11.3 days. One patient underwent eight repeated interventions: two retroperitoneal necrosectomies; five laparotomies; ultrasound-guided drainage. One patient underwent four reinterventions: lumbotomy; revision; two lavages. Three patients had two reinterventions: one had laparotomy and tamponation; one had two repeated retroperitoneal necrosectomies; third had one repeated retroperitoneal necrosectomy and one had ultrasound-guided drainage. Three patients needed one additional retroperitoneal necrosectomy. Five patients did not required additional interventions. 61.5% of our patients did not require more than one reintervention. Postoperative stay varied from 9 to 94 days, average 50.8 +/- 32.6 days. Conclusions: Minimally invasive techniques should be considered as first-choice surgical option in treating patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis. Pancreatic necrosis occupying less than 30% and with massive fluid collections in the left retroperitoneal space can be safely managed by minimally invasive retroperitoneal necrosectomy.