Description of Sphingorhabdus planktonica gen. nov., sp nov and reclassification of three related members of the genus Sphingopyxis in the genus Sphingorhabdus gen. nov.

A previously undescribed aerobic, non-sporulating bacterium, strain G1A_585(T), was isolated from an oligotrophic freshwater lake in Bavaria, Germany. The rod-shaped cells were Gram-stain-negative and non-motile. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain G1A_585(T) was a member of the family Sphingomonadaceae and shared <95.2% similarity with type strains of all members of the most closely related genus, Sphingopyxis. Phyogenetically, the isolate shared a root with strains of three marine species, Sphingopyxis flavimaris DSM 16223(T), Sphingopyxis marina DSM 22363(T) and Sphingopyxis litoris DSM 22379(T). The polar lipids of strain G1A_585(T) were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, sphingoglycolipids, three glycolipids and one unknown lipid. Ubiquinone-10 was the dominant quinone (93.1%) and ubiquinone-9 (6.5 %) was also detected. The major cellular fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C-18:1 omega 7c and/or C-18:1 omega 6c; 38.2%); C-16:1 omega 7c (33.6%) and C-14:0 2-OH (17.8%). The major polyamine was spermidine and traces of 1,3-diaminopropane, putrescine and spermine were also detected. The DNA G+C content of strain G1A_585(T) was 55.7 mol% and the isolate was oxidase- and catalase-positive. Based on the phylogenetic relationship, the low DNA G+C content compared with most other members of the genus Sphingopyxis and the presence of signature nucleotides in the 16S rRNA gene sequence, a novel species in a new genus and species, Sphingorhabdus planktonica gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed; the type strain of Sphingorhabdus planktonica is G1A_585(T) (=DSM 25081(T) =LMG 26646(T)). Because Sphingopyxis flavimaris DSM 16223(T), Sphingopyxis marina DSM 22363(T) and Sphingopyxis litoris DSM 22379(T) form a phylogenetic group together with strain G1A_585(T) that is clearly separated from all other known Sphingopyxis strains and share signature nucleotides, these three Sphingopyxis strains are reclassified as members of the proposed novel genus Sphingorhabdus: Sphingorhabdus flavimaris comb. nov. (type strain SW-151(T)=DSM 16223(T)=KCTC 12232(T)), Sphingorhabdus marina comb. nov. (type strain FR1087(T)=DSM 22363(T)=IMSNU 14132(T)=KCTC 12763(T)=JCM 14161(T)) and Sphingorhabdus litoris comb. nov. (type strain FR1093(T)=DSM 22379(T)=IMSNU 14133(T)=KCTC 12764(T)=JCM 14162(T)).