A GNSS/5G Integrated Positioning Methodology in D2D Communication Networks

Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) is not suitable for the dense urban or indoor environments as the satellite signals are very weak. Meanwhile, positioning is an important application of the fifth-generation (5G) communication system. GNSS/5G integrated positioning system becomes a promising research topic with the development of 5G standard. This paper focuses on the integrated methodology of GNSS and device to device (D2D) measurements in 5G communication system. We analyze the characteristics of this type of integrated system and propose a high-efficiency D2D positioning measure protocol, named crossover multiple-way ranging, which consumes less communication resources. Then, to deal with the high-dimensional state space in the integrated system, a state dimension reduction method is proposed to overcome the particle degeneracy problem of particle filter which is used to fusion GNSS and 5G D2D measurements. Three integrated algorithms in different scenarios have been proposed: the first one is the integrated algorithm when the range measurements can be measured directly. The second one is the integrated algorithm with unknown time skew and offset of each mobile terminal. The third one is the integrated algorithm in GNSS-denied environment which is prevalent in urban and indoor applications. The simulation and experimental results show that our proposed integrated methodology outperforms the nonintegrated one.