Applications of carbon nanomaterials in perovskite solar cells for solar energy conversion

The energy issues and environmental concern have led to intense research activities in renewable energy conversion, such as photovoltaic (PV) to convert solar energy into electricity. Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on metal halides are rapidly emerging as the most promising and competing PV technology due to its high record power conversion efficiencies and potentially low production costs. Conductive carbon materials, which are abundantly available and low-cost, are introduced into the PSCs. This article provides a mini review of applications of carbon materials for perovskite solar cells. Firstly, a brief introduction of the development of perovskite solar cell is provided. Secondly, applications of carbon nanomaterials in perovskite solar cells are presented and discussed. Finally, an outlook and perspective on the future research directions of carbon nanomaterial for perovskite solar cells is provided.