The first national tuberculosis prevalence survey of Lao PDR (2010-2011)

被引:19
|
作者
Law, Irwin [1 ]
Sylavanh, Phannasinh [2 ]
Bounmala, Soth [2 ]
Nzabintwali, Fulgence [2 ]
Paboriboune, Phimpha [3 ]
Iem, Vibol [4 ]
Somphavong, Silaphet [3 ]
Kim, Sang Jae [5 ]
Sismanidis, Charalambos [1 ]
Onozaki, Ikushi [1 ]
Sebert, Jacques [6 ]
机构
[1] World Hlth Org, Geneva, Switzerland
[2] Natl TB Control Programme, Viangchan, Laos
[3] Ctr Infectiol Christophe Merieux Laos, Viangchan, Laos
[4] Fdn Merieux, Viangchan, Laos
[5] Korean Inst TB, Seoul, South Korea
[6] World Hlth Org, Viangchan, Laos
关键词
tuberculosis; prevalence survey; Laos; Asia; epidemiology; PHILIPPINES;
D O I
10.1111/tmi.12536
中图分类号
R1 [预防医学、卫生学];
学科分类号
1004 ; 120402 ;
摘要
ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to measure the prevalence of bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in Lao PDR in 2010-2011. MethodA nationwide, multistage cluster-sampled cross-sectional survey was undertaken in 2010-2011. All consenting participants 15years were screened for pulmonary TB with chest X-ray and symptom questionnaire. Two sputum specimens for bacteriological examination by microscopy and culture were collected from those who screened positive. Prevalence was estimated using multiple imputation and inverse probability weighting methods. ResultsOf 39212 eligible participants from 50 clusters, 6290 participants provided at least one sputum sample for smear and culture. There were 237 bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB cases, 107 of which were smear-positive. Chest X-ray screening alone identified 230 (97.0%) cases compared with 118 (49.8%) by symptom screening alone. The estimated prevalence of smear-positive and bacteriologically confirmed TB in those 15years was 278 per 100000 (95%C.I. 199-356) and 595 per 100000 (95%C.I. 457-733), respectively. Prevalence significantly increased with age and was higher in men than women. ConclusionsThe prevalence of TB in Lao PDR is almost twice as high than previous estimates, with the greatest burden in the older population. Case detection efforts remain the primary goal of the national TB programme with case notifications being very low in comparison with the estimated number of prevalent cases. The survey observed major limitations with the diagnostic strategy of passive (symptom based) case finding that uses only direct smear microscopy for confirmation. ObjectifMesurer la prevalence de la TB pulmonaire confirmee bacteriologiquement au Laos en 2010-2011. MethodeUne enquete nationale, transversale, en plusieurs etapes, avec un echantillonnage en grappes a ete menee en 2010-2011. Tous les participants consentants 15 ans d'age ont ete testes pour la TB pulmonaire par la radiographie des poumons et un questionnaire sur les symptomes. Deux echantillons de crachats pour l'examen bacteriologique par la microscopie et la culture ont ete recueillis chez ceux trouves positifs. La prevalence a ete estimee en utilisant l'imputation multiple et les methodes de ponderation de la probabilite inverse. ResultatsSur 39 212 participants admissibles dans 50 grappes, 6290 ont fourni au moins un echantillon de crachat pour le frottis et la culture. Il y avait 237 cas de TB pulmonaire confirmee bacteriologiquement, dont 107 etaient a frottis positif. La radiographie des poumons seule a identifie 230 (97,0%) cas, comparee a 118 (49,8%) cas par le seul depistage base sur les symptomes. La prevalence estimee de la TB a frottis positif et bacteriologiquement confirmee chez les 15 ans etait de 278 pour 100 000 (IC95%: 199-356) et de 595 pour 100 000 (IC95%: 457-733), respectivement. La prevalence augmentait de facon significative avec l'age et etait plus elevee chez les hommes que chez les femmes. ConclusionsLa prevalence de la TB en RDP Lao est presque deux fois plus elevee que dans les estimations precedentes, avec une plus grande charge dans la population agee. Les efforts de detection des cas restent l'objectif principal du programme national de lutte antituberculeuse, les notifications de cas etant tres faibles, comparees au nombre estime des cas prevalents. L'enquete a observe des limitations importantes dans la strategie de diagnostique passif (base sur les symptomes) pour la recherche des cas qui utilise uniquement la microscopie directe des frottis pour confirmation. ObjetivoMedir la prevalencia de TB pulmonar con confirmacion bacteriologica en Lao PDR en 2010-2011. MetodoSe realizo un estudio croseccional, con muestreo por conglomerados multietapa a nivel nacional en 2010-2011. A todos los participantes con 15 anos que dieron consentimiento se les realizo el cribado para TB pulmonar con placa de torax y cuestionario de sintomas. De aquellos que dieron positivo, se recogieron dos muestras de esputo para pruebas bacteriologicas mediante microscopia y cultivo. La prevalencia se calculo utilizando metodos de imputacion multiple y probabilidad inversa. ResultadosDe 39,212 participantes elegibles en 50 conglomerados, 6,290 participantes proveyeron al menos una muestra de esputo para baciloscopia y cultivo. Hubo 237 casos de TB pulmonar con confirmacion bacteriologica, 107 de los cuales tenian baciloscopia positiva. La placa de torax por si sola identifico a 230 (97.0%) de los casos, comparado con 118 (49.8%) por cribado de sintomas solamente. La prevalencia estimada de TB con baciloscopia positiva y confirmacion bacteriologica entre aquellos con 15 anos era de 278 por 100,000 (IC 95% 199-356) y 595 por 100,000 (IC 95% 457-733), respectivamente. La prevalencia aumentaba significativamente con la edad, y era mayor en hombres que en mujeres. ConclusionesLa prevalencia de TB en Lao PDR es casi el doble de alta que en calculos previos, con la mayor carga en la poblacion mayor. Los esfuerzos para la deteccion de casos continuan siendo el principal objetivo del programa nacional de TB, con una notificacion de casos muy baja en comparacion con el numero estimado de casos prevalentes. El estudio detecto unas limitaciones importantes en la estrategia de diagnostico de casos pasivos (basada en los sintomas) que utiliza solo baciloscopia directa para su confirmacion.
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页码:1146 / 1154
页数:9
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