Fast in situ gamma spectroscopy using hand-held spectrometer with NaI probe

In this work a hand-held spectrometer InSpector 1000 with NaI (Tl) 2 '' x 2 '' detector has been adapted to fast in situ gamma-ray spectroscopy. Two specially designed mounting stands with shielding have been built, allowing conducting measurements in different geometries. Three particular geometries (NW, IS50, 1500) have been chosen for efficiency calibration and further study. The first one (NW) is intended for small environmental samples (volume ca 140 cm(3)) collected on site. IS50 geometry is a typical in situ geometry meant for radioactivity measurements in soil with detector pointed towards the ground. In this geometry the probe is shielded and mounted 50 cm above the soil surface. The new proposed geometry 1500 is designed in the way that the detector is inserted directly into the soil in order to increase the counting efficiency. The methods of efficiency calibration involved using calibration standards (in NW geometry) and the results obtained in previous in situ measurements with InSpector 2000 portable spectrometer with HPGe detector and ISOCS (TM) Shield Systems, which is routinely used in environmental measurements. NW geometry turned out to be useful for natural radioisotopes concentrations (K-40, U-238 and Th-232), which significantly exceed typical values of those concentrations observed in Poland. Both 1550 and IS00 geometries are applicative for quick (2 h long measurement) evaluation of typical concentrations of K, U and Th in soils. The newly proposed geometry IS00 is superior as it showed lower detection limits and uncertainties as well as its handling was far easier than of IS50. Authors have proven that hand-held spectrometer InSpector 1000, together with mounting stands and shielding, can be successfully used for fast in situ gamma-spectroscopy. Its relatively small weight and good mobility are additional assets. Moreover, detailed procedures for measurements in each geometry have been developed to conduct such analyses properly. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.