Nanomaterials Based Electrochemical Biosensors

Biosensors which utilize immobilized bioactive compounds (such as enzymes, antigen, antibody, DNA, etc.) for the conversion of the target analytes into electrochemically detectable products is one of the most widely used detection methods and have become an area of wide ranging research activity. The advances in biocompatible nano technology make it possible to develop new biosensors. A variety of biosensors with high sensitivity and excellent reproducibility based on nano technology have been reported in recent years. In this paper, the development of the researches on nano amperometric biosensors, one of the most important branches of biosensors, is reviewed. Nanoscale architectures here involve nano-particles, nano-wires and nano-rods, nano-sheet, nano-array, and carbon nanotube, etc. Remarkable sensitivity and stability have been achieved by coupling immobilized bioactive compounds and these nanomaterials.