Optimization of lead removal from aqueous solution by micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration process using Box-Behnken design

The main objective of this research was to use Box-Behnken experimental design (BBD) and response surface methodology (RSM) for optimization of micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF) to remove lead ions from synthetic wastewater using spiral-wound ultrafiltration membrane. The critical factors selected for the examination were surfactant concentration, molar ratio of surfactant to metal (S/M) and solution pH. A total of 17 experiments were accomplished towards the construction of a quadratic model for both target variables. The experimental results were fitted with a second-order polynomial equation by a multiple regression analysis, and more than 95%, 93% of the variation could be predicted by the models for lead rejection and permeation flux, respectively. The optimum condition was found by using the obtained mathematical models. Optimization indicated that in C-SDS=2 mM, pH=6.57 and S/M= 9.82 maximum flux and rejection efficiency can be achieved, simultaneously.