The effects of ochratoxina in performance pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei Bonne)

Ochratoxin A is the second largest group of mycotoxins. It is a secondary metabolite produced mainly by fungi of the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium, and has toxic and nephrotoxic properties that are associated with the Balkan endemic nephropathy and urinary tract tumors. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies it as group 2B: possibly carcinogenic to humans. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ochratoxin A (OTA) on the performance of the Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaues vannamei). The experiment simulated the productive management of a shrimp farm located on the marine coast of Luis Correia, Piaui State. Five treatments with different levels of mycotoxins were used: T1-100 mu g/kg of OTA; T2-500 mu g/kg of OTA; T3-1000 mu g/kg of OTA; T4-100 mu g/kg of OTA and 500 mu g/kg afatoxina B-1 and T5-0.0 mu g/kg of OTA. OTA was produced by fermenting corn, using the Aspergillus ochraceus strain. Commercial feeds were contaminated with the corn kernels. OTA in the kernels, commercial feeds and shrimp tissues (cephalothorax and abdomen) were detected and quantified via high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). To simulate the farming system, totaling 20 animals per box. The animals were fed twice a day and raised under these conditions for eight weeks. The shrimp gained weight during the weeks of the test, when subjected to different OTA treatments. The lowest weight gain was observed in T2 and T4 and the highest weight gains were in T1 and T5, which also presented the best feed conversion ratio. After 56 days, residual OTA was detected in samples of shrimp abdomen only in T1. Therefore, the productive performance of shrimp that are fed with OTA-contaminated feed is compromised, which has a negative economic impact on the shrimp industry, and is a health risk to consumers due to residues in the muscles.