BEHIND THE WALL: A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF STUDENT AND FACULTY INTERACTION IN SYNCHRONOUS VIRTUAL EDUCATION FOR FEMALE STUDENTS IN SAUDI HIGHER EDUCATION

Synchronous virtual classrooms have been created in Saudi higher education, allowing female students to be taught by male instructors, while upholding gender separation demanded by the Islamic culture. However, virtual classes may limit effective classroom interaction and direct communication. The aim of this research is to determine attitudes and opinions towards improving the interaction of female students in Saudi higher education. A mixed methods case study approach was used to collect data by questionnaire from 283 female students and 49 male instructors, in follow-up interviews with 6 male instructors, and in 4 focus groups of 23 female students at King Abdulaziz University. Quantitative analysis employed SPSS and thematic analysis was conducted for qualitative data. The findings show that there is limited interaction in these virtual classrooms. Influences on interaction in female virtual classes are examined, including cultural factors, pedagogical approaches, technological methods, classroom management, practical courses, and opportunities for feedback. The findings suggest potential technological solutions for enhancing interaction and improving the educational experience of students and staff in the virtual classroom. It is concluded that applying advanced technology that takes culture into consideration may be an effective solution to enhance interaction and open the doors to effective virtual education.