Energy Flows Management of Multiple Electric Vehicles in Smart Grid

This paper presents energy flows management of multiple electric vehicles charging and its impact on a microgrid. The studied low voltage grid comprises also two photovoltaic generators and non-dispatchable loads. Three concepts using electric vehicles batteries as a distributed storage and bidirectional energy transfer in the Smart Grid are considered: Vehicle to Home, Vehicle to Vehicle and Vehicle to Grid. The potential for implementation of flexible microgrid energy flow management strategy for reduction of peaks in power consumption, absorption or production of reactive power (when required) and improving the power quality in the studied microgrid are estimated. For this purpose a set of usual load profiles of electric vehicle charging modes are studied and presented. Simulation results demonstrate the potential of electric vehicles as a flexible load and energy storage for peak load shaving in microgrids.