Electrodialysis of dilute electrolyte solutions: Some theoretical and applied aspects

Conventional techniques for enhancing electrodialysis efficiency of dilute solutions are considered. The techniques in question involve inserting separators of different designs in the membrane channels and reducing the intermembrane distance. The possibilities for utilizing conjugated ''side'' effects, which accompany electrodiffusive transport of salt ions in membrane systems at currents exceeding the overlimiting values, are discussed. Examples of practical electrodialysis application for producing deionized water are reported.