Thermodynamic, Equilibrium and Kinetic Study of the Biosorption of Basic Blue 41 using Bacillus macerans

Thermodynamic, kinetic and equilibrium studies during the biosorption of Basic blue 41 (BB 41) from aqueous solution using Bacillus macerans were carried out with a focus on pH, contact time, temperature, biomass dosage and initial dye concentration. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 89.2 mg/g under optimal conditions of pH (10.0) and temperature (25 degrees C). The biosorption rates obtained were consistent with the pseudo-second order kinetic models. The equilibrium data were analyzed using linearized forms of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, and the Langmuir isotherm was found to provide the best correlation of the experimental data for the biosorption of BB 41. The equilibrium time for the removal of BB 41 by the biomass was attained within 90 min. Thermodynamic parameters such as free energy (Delta G), enthalpy (Delta H), and entropy (Delta S) were also calculated. The results indicate that biosorption is spontaneous and exothermic in nature. The negative value of entropy confirms the decreased randomness at the solid-liquid interface during the adsorption of BB 41 onto Bacillus macerans.