Receiver function imaging of the mantle transition zone beneath the South China Block

Upper mantle discontinuities are influenced by convection-related thermal heterogeneities arising in complex geodynamic settings. Slab rollback of the Pacific plate and mantle upwelling in the Meso-Cenozoic caused the extension and spreading of continental segments in the South China Block leading to profound variations of the local temperature conditions. We processed 201 teleseismic events beneath 87 stations in the Hainan, Guangdong, and Fujian provinces in the South China Block, and extracted 4172 high-quality receiver functions. We imaged the topography of the local mantle discontinuities by using phase-weighted common conversion point stacking of the receiver functions, which effectively improves the P-to-S-converted phases. We found that the average depths of the discontinuities at 410 and 660 km depth are 414 and 657 km, respectively, while no clearly defined discontinuity at 520 km depth was detected. We mapped the thickness of the mantle transition zone (MTZ), which can reflect temperature and/or compositional heterogeneities as well as the presence of water, and discussed possible geodynamic implications. In particular, we found that the MTZ beneath the Leizhou Peninsula in the Hainan province is 42 km thinner than average. This scenario suggests that the Hainan plume is responsible for positive temperature anomalies between approximate to 270 and 380 K and between approximate to 200 and 240 K at the 660 and 410 km discontinuities, respectively. We also observed a prominent uplifting of the 660 km boundary beneath the coast regions that may be indicative of lateral flow of the Hainan plume.