Fuzzy logic vector-based forwarding routing protocol for underwater acoustic sensor networks

The sensor nodes working in the underwater environment are generally powered by batteries, which are undesirable or infeasible to replace and recharge. Thus, limited energy is one of the major constraints in underwater acoustic sensor networks. It is of great significance to design an energy-efficient routing algorithm to prolong network lifetime. In this paper, we propose a fuzzy logic vector-based forwarding routing protocol wherein we consider both the position information and energy information of sensor nodes in the calculation of desirableness. In addition, parameters such as valid distance to forwarder nodes, projection, and the battery level of nodes are also considered in fuzzy logic system. The fuzzy logic-based energy-efficient routing algorithm can achieve multiparameter and fuzzy routing decision. The performance analyses show that the routing protocol we proposed has better performance in energy consumption and average end-to-end delay compared with the similar algorithms; meanwhile, reliability can be guaranteed.