The Male Warrior Hypothesis: Testosterone-related Cooperation and Aggression in the Context of Intergroup Conflict

被引:22
|
作者
Munoz-Reyes, J. A. [1 ]
Polo, P. [1 ]
Valenzuela, N. [1 ,2 ]
Pavez, P. [1 ]
Ramirez-Herrera, O. [1 ]
Figueroa, O. [1 ,3 ]
Rodriguez-Sickert, C. [3 ]
Diaz, D. [4 ]
Pita, M. [5 ]
机构
[1] Univ Playa Ancha, Ctr Estudios Avanzados, Lab Comportamiento Anim & Humano, Valparaiso, Chile
[2] Univ Andres Bello, Fac Ciencias Vida, Dept Ciencias Biol, Vina Del Mar, Chile
[3] Univ Desarrollo, Fac Gobierno, Ctr Invest Complejidad Social, Santiago, Chile
[4] Univ Chile, Fac Ciencias Econ, Santiago, Chile
[5] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Biol, Madrid, Spain
关键词
DIGIT RATIO 2D4D; PHYSICAL AGGRESSION; FIGHTING ABILITY; HUNTER-GATHERERS; SEX-DIFFERENCES; IN-GROUP; BEHAVIOR; MEN; FORMIDABILITY; STRENGTH;
D O I
10.1038/s41598-019-57259-0
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
The Male Warrior Hypothesis (MWH) establishes that men's psychology has been shaped by inter-group competition to acquire and protect reproductive resources. In this context, sex-specific selective pressures would have favored cooperation with the members of one's group in combination with hostility towards outsiders. We investigate the role of developmental testosterone, as measured indirectly through static markers of prenatal testosterone (2D:4D digit ratio) and pubertal testosterone (body musculature and facial masculinity), on both cooperation and aggressive behavior in the context of intergroup conflict among men. Supporting the MWH, our results show that the intergroup conflict scenario promotes cooperation within group members and aggression toward outgroup members. Regarding the hormonal underpinnings of this phenomenon, we find that body musculature is positively associated with aggression and cooperation, but only for cooperation when context (intergroup competition) is taken into account. Finally, we did not find evidence that the formidability of the group affected individual rates of aggression or cooperation, controlling for individual characteristics.
引用
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页数:12
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