The heterogenization of homogeneous metallocene catalysts for olefin polymerization

Metallocene complexes of titanium, zirconium and hafnium are very active and versatile catalysts for olefin polymerization and are already contributing to commercial production. Owing to a variety of catalyst parameters a wide range of polymers with various properties are accessible. Since metallocene complexes are homogeneous in solution they can easily be studied by spectroscopic methods. However, for industrial application they must be heterogenized.