The Efficacy and Safety of Conventional and Hypofractionated High-Dose Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer in an Elderly Population: A Subgroup Analysis of the CHHiP Trial

Purpose: Outcome data on radiation therapy for prostate cancer in an elderly population are sparse. The CHHiP (Conventional or Hypofractionated High Dose Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy in Prostate Cancer) trial provides a large, prospectively collected, contemporary dataset in which to explore outcomes by age. Methods and Materials: CHHiP participants received 3 to 6 months of androgen deprivation therapy and were randomly assigned (1: 1: 1) to receive 74 Gy in 37 fractions (conventional fractionation), 60 Gy in 20 fractions, or 57 Gy in 19 fractions. Toxicity was assessed using clinician-reported outcome (CRO) and patient-reported outcome questionnaires. Participants were categorized as aged < 75 years or >= 75 years. Outcomes were compared by age group. Results: Of 3216 patients, 491 (15%) were aged >= 75 years. There was no difference in biochemical or clinical failure rates between the groups aged < 75 years and >= 75 years for any of the fractionation schedules. In the group aged >= 75 years, biochemical or clinical failure-free rates favored hypofractionation, and at 5 years, they were 84.7% for 74 Gy, 91% for 60 Gy, and 87.7% for 57 Gy. The incidence of CRO (grade 3) acute bowel toxicity was 2% in both age groups. The incidence of grade 3 acute bladder toxicity was 8% in patients aged < 75 years and 7% in those aged >= 75 years. The 5-year cumulative incidence of CRO grade >= 2 late bowel side effects was similar in both age groups. However, in the group aged >= 75 years, there was a suggestion of a higher cumulative incidence of bowel bother (small or greater) with 60 Gy compared with 74 Gy and 57 Gy. Patient-reported bladder bother was slightly higher in the group aged >= 75 years than the group aged < 75 years, and there was a suggestion of a lower cumulative incidence of bladder bother with 57 Gy compared with 74 Gy and 60 Gy in patients aged >= 75 years, which was not evident in those aged < 75 years. Conclusions: Hypofractionated radiation therapy appears to be well tolerated and effective in men aged >= 75 years. The 57-Gy schedule has potential advantages in that it may moderate long-term side effects without compromising treatment efficacy in this group. (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier Inc.