Presence of diabetic retinopathy is lower in type 2 diabetic patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

To analyze the association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the presence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Total 411 T2DM patients were divided into NAFLD and control groups. NAFLD was diagnosed by ultrasound. Retinopathy was diagnosed by fundus photography. All patients were screened based on medical history, physical examinations, and laboratory measurements. The prevalence of NAFLD and DR in T2DM patients was 60.8% and 40.9%, respectively. The presence of DR was associated with diabetes duration, systolic blood pressure (SBP), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and proteinuria (all P<.001) using univariate and multivariate regression analyses. The prevalence of DR was lower in patients with NAFLD than those without NAFLD (37.2% vs 46.6%, P=.065), and significantly lower in patients with moderate and severe NAFLD (30.2% vs 46.6%, P=.012; 14.3% vs 46.6%, P=.024). The presence of DR in NAFLD patients was associated with diabetes duration (P=.032) in Chi-squared analysis. NAFLD and DR were highly prevalent in T2DM patients. Diabetes duration, SBP, HbA1c, and proteinuria were risk factors for DR in T2DM patients. The presence of DR was lower in T2DMpatients with NAFLD, which was mainly due to their shorter diabetes duration.