The impact of abusive supervision on service employees' proactive customer service performance in the hotel industry

Purpose - On the basis of social identity theory, this paper aims to predict and test the influence of abusive supervision on service employees' proactive customer service performance (PCSP) in the hotel industry. Design/methodology/approach - Data were collected from 198 service employee-coworker dyads from 12 hotels in China. Previously developed and validated measures of abusive supervision, organizational identification, collectivism and PCSP were used and found to be highly reliable in this study. Findings - Time-lagged data from 12 hotels in China reveal that abusive supervision negatively influences service employees' PCSP, through organizational identification. In addition, employees' collectivistic value orientation also strengthens the negative relationship between abusive supervision and organizational identification. These findings have several theoretical and managerial implications, especially for hospitality context. Practical implications - First, the study suggests that hotels should design supervisors' selection, training and monitoring to reduce mistreatment, which could be highly costly to employees' identification and hence proactive behaviors. In addition, hotel supervisors are encouraged to learn to regulate their emotions by developing emotional management skills and interpersonal skills. Second, because collectivists are more likely to be affected by abusive supervisors, organizations should pay special attention to them by allocating more supportive resources, providing psychological comfort and expert counseling. Finally, hotels and managers should seek to meet individuals' basic needs by fostering positive relationships between supervisors and employees, offering favorable treatment and connecting an organization's goals with employees' individual values. By doing so, employees' organizational identification will be enhanced and hence contribute to PCSP. Originality/value - First, scarcely any study has focused on negative types of leadership styles and how they affect employees' PCSP. The authors address the research gap by extending the antecedent scope of PCSP to dark side management and provide empirical evidence about the suppressing effects of abusive supervision on PCSP. Second, the focus on organizational identification provides a new extension for social identity theory in application for incurring employees' proactive behaviors. Third, this study provides a novel contribution by suggesting that the level of collectivism an employee holds can exacerbate the salience of abusive supervision.