A Data Routing Algorithm Based on Markov Model in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

The underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) composed of sensor nodes is deployed underwater for submarine data collection, underwater monitoring, disaster warning, navigation assistance and so on. Since the underwater environment is usually unpredictable, and the nodes move or be damaged easily, so there are several vital objectives in UWSN routing such as the delivery success rate, the error rate and the energy consumption. To this end, we propose a data routing algorithm based on Markov model, which logically transforms the underwater three-dimensional (3D) deployment model into a two-dimensional (2D) model, and thus the nodes are considered to be hierarchically deployed. The data routing is achieved through bottom-top forwarding. In this forwarding mode, the delivery success rate can he improved and the energy consumption can he reduced due to the more stable routing, less forwarding counts and better adaptability to the dynamic load.