Association between AT1 receptor gene polymorphism and left ventricular hypertrophy and arterial stiffness in essential hypertension patients: a prospective cohort study

Background: AT1 receptor gene (AGTR1) is related to essential hypertension (EH), and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and arterial stiffness are common complications of EH. This study aimed to explore the association between AGTR1 genotype and LVH and arterial stiffness in EH patients. Methods: A total of 179 EH patients were recruited in this study. Oral exfoliated cells were collected from each patient, and the genetic polymorphism of AGTR1(rs4524238) was assessed using a gene sequencing platform. The outcomes were LVH and arterial stiffness. Results: Among 179 patients, 114 were with AGTR1 genotype of GG (57 males, aged 59.54 +/- 13.49 years) and 65 were with AGTR1 genotype of GA or AA (36 males, aged 61.28 +/- 12.79 years). Patients with AGTR1 genotype of GG were more likely to have LVH (47 [41.23%] vs. 14 [21.54%], P = 0.006) and arterial stiffness (30 [26.32%] vs. 8 [12.31%], P = 0.036). The AGTR1 polymorphism frequency was in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P = 0.291). The multivariate logistic regression showed that AGTR1 genotype of GA or AA was independently associated with lower risk of LVH (OR = 0.344, 95%CI 160 similar to 0.696, P = 0.003) and arterial stiffness (OR = 0.371, 95%CI 0.155 similar to 0.885, P = 0.025) after adjusting for gender, age, and diabetes. Conclusion: EH patients with the AGTR1 genotype of GA or AA were at lower risk for LVH and arterial stiffness than those with the GG genotype.