Activation-induced cytidine deaminase: in sickness and in health

被引:12
|
作者
Rios, Leonardo Alves de Souza [1 ]
Cloete, Benjamin [1 ]
Mowla, Shaheen [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Cape Town, Div Haematol, Dept Pathol, Fac Hlth Sci, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa
关键词
Activation induced cytidine deaminase; Deaminase; Demethylator; Lymphomagenesis; Cancer; EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; CLASS-SWITCH RECOMBINATION; HUMAN B-CELLS; SOMATIC HYPERMUTATION; GENOMIC INSTABILITY; CHROMOSOMAL BREAKS; DNA DEMETHYLATION; BURKITT-LYMPHOMA; AID EXPRESSION; MESSENGER-RNA;
D O I
10.1007/s00432-020-03348-x
中图分类号
R73 [肿瘤学];
学科分类号
100214 ;
摘要
Activation Induced cytidine Deaminase (AID) is an essential enzyme of the adaptive immune system. Its canonical activity is restricted to B lymphocytes, playing an essential role in the diversification of antibodies by enhancing specificity and changing affinity. This is possible through its DNA deaminase function, leading to mutations in DNA. In the last decade, AID has been assigned an additional function: that of a powerful DNA demethylator. Adverse cellular conditions such as chronic inflammation can lead to its deregulation and overexpression. It is an important driver of B-cell lymphoma due to its natural ability to modify DNA through deamination, leading to mutations and epigenetic changes. However, the deregulation of AID is not restricted to lymphoid cells. Recent findings have provided new insights into the role that this protein plays in the development of non-lymphoid cancers, with some research shedding light on novel AID-driven mechanisms of cellular transformation. In this review, we provide an updated narrative of the normal physiological functions of AID. Additionally, we review and discuss the recent research studies that have implicated AID in carcinogenesis in varying tissue types including lymphoid and non-lymphoid cancers. We review the mechanisms, whereby AID promotes carcinogenesis and highlight important areas of future research.
引用
收藏
页码:2721 / 2730
页数:10
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