Sensors for extreme environments

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to describe the techniques and technologies used in a selection of sensors which operate in extreme environments. Design/methodology/approach - Following a short introduction, this paper discusses the technologies used in a range of sensors, principally accelerometers and pressure, temperature and displacement sensors, used in environments characterised by elevated temperatures, radiation and high shock and vibration levels. Findings - The paper shows that a range of different strategies is employed to allow sensors to operate in extreme environments. These include specialised designs, novel sensing technologies and others which are inherently capable of withstanding extreme conditions and materials which can perform in, or which are resistant to, these environments. Several new technologies are under development which aim to extend sensor performance to new levels. Originality/value - This paper provides details of the technologies used in a range of sensors aimed at applications in extreme environments.