Gut microbiome and liver diseases

被引:397
|
作者
Tilg, Herbert [1 ]
Cani, Patrice D. [2 ]
Mayer, Emeran A. [3 ]
机构
[1] Med Univ Innsbruck, Dept Internal Med Gastroenterol Hepatol & Endocri, Innsbruck, Austria
[2] Catholic Univ Louvain, Metab & Nutr Res Grp, Louvain Drug Res Inst, WELBIO Walloon Excellence Life Sci & BIOtechnol, Brussels, Belgium
[3] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, G Oppenheimer Ctr Neurobiol Stress & Resilience, Div Digest Dis, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
基金
欧洲研究理事会;
关键词
PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS; MUCOSA-ASSOCIATED MICROBIOTA; DIET-INDUCED OBESITY; HEPATIC-ENCEPHALOPATHY; INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA; NONALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS; ALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS; LIPID-METABOLISM; RAT HEPATOCYTES; FATTY-ACID;
D O I
10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312729
中图分类号
R57 [消化系及腹部疾病];
学科分类号
摘要
The gut microbiota has recently evolved as a new important player in the pathophysiology of many intestinal and extraintestinal diseases. The liver is the organ which is in closest contact with the intestinal tract, and is exposed to a substantial amount of bacterial components and metabolites. Various liver disorders such as alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic liver disease and primary sclerosing cholangitis have been associated with an altered microbiome. This dysbiosis may influence the degree of hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis through multiple interactions with the host's immune system and other cell types. Whereas few results from clinical metagenomic studies in liver disease are available, evidence is accumulating that in liver cirrhosis an oral microbiome is overrepresented in the lower intestinal tract, potentially contributing to disease process and severity. A major role for the gut microbiota in liver disorders is also supported by the accumulating evidence that several complications of severe liver disease such as hepatic encephalopathy are efficiently treated by various prebiotics, probiotics and antibiotics. A better understanding of the gut microbiota and its components in liver diseases might provide a more complete picture of these complex disorders and also form the basis for novel therapies.
引用
收藏
页码:2035 / 2044
页数:10
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