Shrimp shell (Metapenaeus monoceros) waste as a low-cost adsorbent for metanil yellow dye removal in aqueous solution

Utilization of shrimp shell (Metapenaeus monoceros) to adsorb metanil yellow (MY) dye has been investigated using a batch system. The optimum conditions were achieved at pH 5, initial concentration 800 mg L-1, contact time 75 min, the heating temperature of adsorbent 120 degrees C, adsorbent mass 0.05 g, and particle size 25 mu m. These parameters resulted in an adsorption capacity of 69.307 mg g(-1). The shrimp shell was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy energy-dispersive X-ray, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller before and after the adsorption processes. Equilibrium adsorption data fitted a Langmuir isotherm model with R-2 = 0.9816 indicating chemical adsorption with a homogeneous biosorption process of the adsorbate onto a biosorbent surface forming a monolayer. The adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics with R-2 = 0.9953. The adsorption of MY onto the shrimp shell was an endothermic (positive Delta H degrees) and non-spontaneous (positive Delta G degrees) reaction. The reaction disorder was found to increase (positive Delta S degrees). This study revealed that the shrimp shell was an effective low-cost adsorbent to remove MY dye.