Role of nitric oxide, angiogenic growth factors and biochemical analysis in preeclampsia

Preeclampsia, a pregnancy-related hypertensive disorder, is one of the leading causes of fetal and maternal mortality and morbidity globally. Arigiogenic growth factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and placental growth factor (PIGF) are involved in the generation of new blood vessels required for placental development and physiological functions, while nitric oxide (NO) acts as vasodilator and also plays a role in angiogenesis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of NO, angiogenic growth factors (VEGF and PIGF) and other biochemical parameters in the development of preeclampsia among pregnant mothers. A complete clinical history, including anthropometric measurements and biochemical investigations, including renal function tests, liver function tests and lipid profile were performed among twenty preeclampsia patients aged 19 to 32 yrs. Results were compared with age-matched normotensive pregnant mothers. The body weight, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, concentrations of urea, uric acid and triglyceride and activities of transaminase enzymes (aspartate transaminase, AST and alanine transaminase, ALT) in serum were significantly higher (p<0.05) than normotensive subjects. Serum concentrations of VEGF, PIGF and NO were significantly decreased (p<0.005) in preeclamptic patients. NO was found negatively correlated with body weight (r=-0.369, p<0.05), systolic blood pressure (r=-0.822, p<0.005), diastolic blood pressure (r=-0.714, p<0.005) and was positively correlated with VEGF (r=0.464, p<0.005) and PIGF (r=0.546, p<0.005). VEGF and PIGF showed significant (p<0.005) negative correlation with systolic and diastolic blood pressure and PIGF was significantly correlated with triglyceride (r=-0.379). However, no significant correlation was observed between the VEGF and PIGF. In conclusion, the results indicated that body weight, triglyceride, angiogenic growth factors and NO might associate with preeclampsia development.