Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Gene Polymorphisms are Associated with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by progressive dyspnea and worsening lung function. ACE is increased in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with IPF, suggesting the role of ACE in the pathogenesis of IPF. We evaluated the role of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the development risk of IPF. Two-hundred twenty patients with IPF and 456 healthy subjects were included in this study. Eleven polymorphisms were selected among those reported previously. Genotype was performed by single base extension. Although absolute LD (|D'| = 1 and r (2) = 1) was not present, 11 SNPs showed tight LDs. The logistic analysis of the all of 11 SNPs on the ACE genes between patients with IPF and healthy subjects were found to be related with the risk of IPF in recessive type. However, in patients with IPF diagnosed by surgical lung biopsy, only two SNP of -5538T > C and +21288_insdel SNPs were related with the risk of IPF in co-dominant type, and there were no SNPs related with the risk of IPF in dominant type. In patients with IPF diagnosed by clinical criteria or surgical lung biopsy, four SNPs on promoter (-5538T > C, -5508A > C, -3927T > C, -115T > C), one on intron (+15276A > G), one on exon (+21181G > A), and one in three prime region (+21288_insdel) were related with the risk of IPF. This study showed a newly discovered SNP of ACE associated with the risk of development of IPF. ACE -5538T > C and -5508A > C significantly associated with risk of IPF in Korea.